Wilson's disease

kali ni aq nak share sal Wilson's disease lak.. hancuss tol.. kejap BM kejap BI.. huhu.. tp aq wat asemen ni lam BI so penerangan lam BI la ye.. kang nak fully speaking, cam teror BI sgt lak aq ni.. part aq adelah lebey kepade treatment, sebenarnya ktorg kene wat lam group keje ni.. aq sorang je malay lam group aq, lain chinese tp they all nice la.. sorang je laki.. kat sini aq letak main point je ok.. nak banyak2 info crek sendiri ;p

Wilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in tissues; this manifests as neurological or psychiatric symptoms and liver disease.
(wiki cakap..huhu)

Treatment
Treatment for Wilson's disease is effective if diagnosis occurs before the onset of life-threatening symptoms. The goal of treatment is to remove excessive copper from the body and prevent it from reaccumulating. If treatment is stopped, the disease can be fatal.

1. Drug Treatment
a. Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
b. Trientine (Syprine)
c. Zinc acetate (Galzin)

2. Dietary Therapy
a. Dietary changes require avoiding certain foods yang ni aq suka nak xplain ckit, namenye penyakit hati n kene elakkan makan hati jugak.. cam klaka lak.. hee.. seyes ni jangan makan hati sebab high copper lam hati.. coklat, kacang and cendawan pun kene elak.. xlbey dp skali sminggu.. xdea xmkan langsung.. ok ^^

b. Vitamin E supplements
c. A low-copper diet

3. Liver Transplantation

Expectations (prognosis)
Lifelong treatment is required to control the disorder. The disorder may cause fatal effects, especially loss of liver function and toxic effects of copper on the nervous system. In cases where the disorder is not fatal, symptoms may be disabling.

ANOPHELINAE & CULICINAE : EGGS

seperti yang dijanjikan aq akan cter ckit tentang lab ento kali ni.. owh pic atas nampak aq sangat tembam ;( huhu.. sebelah aq tu dayah.. intro, nyamuk ni ade 3 subfamili tp aq blaja 2 je.. so yang 1 ag korang crek la sendiri kalau nak taw.. huhu.. penting korang tengok tiap slide sebab nanti exam lab ke dia kasi slide yg sama je..

Eggs are laid one at a time and they float on the surface of the water. In the case of Culex and Culiseta species, the eggs are stuck together in rafts of a hundred or more eggs. Anopheles and Aedes species do not make egg rafts but lay their eggs separately. Culex, Culiseta, and Anopheles lay their eggs on water while Aedes lay their eggs on damp soil that will be flooded by water. Most eggs hatch into larvae within 48 hours.

Tiny mosquito larvae emerge from the eggs within 24 hours.

details : http://www.mosquitoes.org/LifeCycle.html

SUBFAMILI ANOPHELINAE
TELUR NYAMUK GENUS ANOPHELES
- ade pelampung kat tepi
- bentuk perahu (yang ni aq pun xnampak tang mane bentuk perahunye..hehe)

Anopheles mosquitoes lay their eggs singly on the water, not in rafts.

SUBFAMILI CULICINAE
TELUR NYAMUK GENUS AEDES
- warna hitam
- bentuk lonjong
- satu-satu atas air (berselerak)
Aedes mosquitoes lay their eggs singly on damp soil. Aedes eggs hatch only when flooded with water (salt water high tides, irrigated pastures, treeholes, flooded stream bottoms, etc.).

TELUR NYAMUK GENUS CULEX
1. mule2 guna cam aq xreti sangat nak adjust camera.. hehe.. tu yang x cun pic ni.. next time I will do better ok.. ^^
- warna coklat
- bentuk silinder, rakit (pun aq xtaw camne nak tgok), silinder, panjang
- berkelompok
Culex mosquitoes lay their eggs on the surface of fresh or stagnant water. The water may be in tin cans, barrels, horse troughs, ornamental ponds, swimming pools, puddles, creeks, ditches, or marshy areas. Mosquitoes prefer water sheltered from the wind by grass and weeds.

2. ni pic dp tenet utk culex, ley tengok kan berkelompok

TELUR NYAMUK GENUS MANSONIA
- berkelompok
- melekat bawah daun tumbuhan akuatik
ps : lam buku prof tadek tulis kaler ape2..so tayah la korg sibuk2 carik, msti xkua exam..hehe

ok la.. tu je untuk kali ni.. nanti kalau aq rajen, aq cter sal larva, pupa and so on.. bz nak setelkan F1M.. jemput datang sume ^^ 27 & 28 feb ni kat tasik titiwangsa.. aq ade kat klinikal FSKB..