tutorial phlebotomi yang kene submit esok, nota kuliah sangat ringkas.. so bawah ni aq letak explanation supaye ley faham better.. aq jugak kasi link yang after korang bace, konpem ley jawab sume soklan tutorial dr yang xnak aq sebut nama.. (xnak dia pergi blog aq..hehe..)
VENIPUNCTURE SITE SELECTION:
Although the larger and fuller median cubital and cephalic veins of the arm are used most frequently, the basilic vein on the dorsum of the arm or dorsal hand veins are also acceptable for venipuncture. Foot veins are a last resort because of the higher probability of complications.
Certain areas are to be avoided when choosing a site:
Extensive scars from burns and surgery - it is difficult to puncture the scar tissue and obtain a specimen.
The upper extremity on the side of a previous mastectomy - test results may be affected because of lymphedema.
Hematoma - may cause erroneous test results. If another site is not available, collect the specimen distal to the hematoma.
Intravenous therapy (IV) / blood transfusions - fluid may dilute the specimen, so collect from the opposite arm if possible. Otherwise, satisfactory samples may be drawn below the IV by following these procedures:
Turn off the IV for at least 2 minutes before venipuncture.
Apply the tourniquet below the IV site. Select a vein other than the one with the IV.
Perform the venipuncture. Draw 5 ml of blood and discard before drawing the specimen tubes for testing.
Cannula/fistula/heparin lock - hospitals have special policies regarding these devices. In general, blood should not be drawn from an arm with a fistula or cannula without consulting the attending physician.
Edematous extremities - tissue fluid accumulation alters test results.
http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/PHLEB/PHLEB.html
VENIPUNCTURE SITE SELECTION:
Although the larger and fuller median cubital and cephalic veins of the arm are used most frequently, the basilic vein on the dorsum of the arm or dorsal hand veins are also acceptable for venipuncture. Foot veins are a last resort because of the higher probability of complications.
Certain areas are to be avoided when choosing a site:
Extensive scars from burns and surgery - it is difficult to puncture the scar tissue and obtain a specimen.
The upper extremity on the side of a previous mastectomy - test results may be affected because of lymphedema.
Hematoma - may cause erroneous test results. If another site is not available, collect the specimen distal to the hematoma.
Intravenous therapy (IV) / blood transfusions - fluid may dilute the specimen, so collect from the opposite arm if possible. Otherwise, satisfactory samples may be drawn below the IV by following these procedures:
Turn off the IV for at least 2 minutes before venipuncture.
Apply the tourniquet below the IV site. Select a vein other than the one with the IV.
Perform the venipuncture. Draw 5 ml of blood and discard before drawing the specimen tubes for testing.
Cannula/fistula/heparin lock - hospitals have special policies regarding these devices. In general, blood should not be drawn from an arm with a fistula or cannula without consulting the attending physician.
Edematous extremities - tissue fluid accumulation alters test results.
http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/PHLEB/PHLEB.html
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